Which of the Following Series Best Reflects What We Know

question 19

Multiple Choice

Which of the following series best reflects what we know about how the flu virus moves between species?

• A) An avian flu virus undergoes several mutations and rearrangements such that it is able to be transmitted to other birds and then to humans.
• B) The flu virus in a pig is mutated and replicated in alternate arrangements so that humans who eat the pig products can be infected.
• C) A flu virus from a human epidemic or pandemic infects birds; the birds replicate the virus differently and then pass it back to humans.
• D) An influenza virus gains new sequences of DNA from another virus, such as a herpesvirus; this enables it to be transmitted to a human host.
• E) An animal such as a pig is infected with more than one virus, genetic recombination occurs, the new virus mutates and is passed to a new species such as a bird, and the virus mutates and can be transmitted to humans.

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Definitions:

Neurotransmitter

Chemical substances in the brain that transmit signals from one neuron to another, playing a major role in shaping everyday functions and mood.

Excitatory

Referring to substances or signals that increase the activity of the brain or other body systems, potentially leading to heightened arousal or action.

GABA

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, playing a critical role in reducing neuronal excitability and regulating muscle tone.

Glutamate

An amino acid that acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.