When Electrons Flow Along the Electron Transport Chains of Mitochondria

question 52

Multiple Choice

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?

• A) The pH of the matrix increases.
• B) ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport.
• C) The electrons gain free energy.
• D) NAD+ is oxidized.

Grasp the Trivers-Willard hypothesis and its predictions about parental investment strategies based on offspring sex.

Recognize the impact of environmental conditions on parental care strategies and offspring value assessment.

Comprehend how parental care varies among bird species and the factors influencing these differences.

Analyze the role of physical traits (e.g., gape color) in parental investment decisions within the context of the signal of quality and need hypotheses.

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Definitions:

(2R,4S)-4-propylhexane-2-thiol

A chiral molecule specified by its configuration, comprising a six-carbon chain with a propyl group and a thiol group at specific positions.

(2S,4R)-4-ethylheptane-2-thiol

A chiral organic compound characterized by a specific three-dimensional configuration, including an ethyl and a thiol group on a heptane backbone.

(2R,4S)-4-ethylheptane-2-thiol

A specific stereoisomer of a compound featuring an ethyl group and a thiol group attached to a heptane chain.

(R)-3-methylpent-1-ene

A specific optical isomer of an organic compound with a branched five-carbon chain, featuring a double bond at the first carbon and a methyl group at the third position.