Figure 43.3 Use the Graph in Figure 43.3 and the Information Provided

question 66

Multiple Choice

Figure 43.3
Use the graph in Figure 43.3 and the information provided in the paragraph below to answer the following questions.
Flycatcher birds that migrate from Africa to Europe feed their nestlings a diet that is almost exclusively moth caterpillars. The graph in Figure 43.3 shows the mean (peak) dates of bird arrival, bird hatching, and caterpillar season for the years 1980 and 2000.
-Suppose you attend a town meeting at which some experts tell the audience that they have performed a cost-benefit analysis of a proposed transit system that would probably reduce overall air pollution and fossil fuel consumption. The analysis, however, reveals that ticket prices will not cover the cost of operating the system when fuel, wages, and equipment are taken into account. As a biologist, you know that if ecosystem services had been included in the analysis the experts might have arrived at a different answer. Why are ecosystem services rarely included in economic analyses?

• A) People take them for granted because we generally do not pay for them.
• B) They are not worth much and would not greatly change the cost-benefit analysis.
• C) There are too many variables to include in ecosystem services, making their calculation impossible.
• D) Ecosystem services only take into account abiotic factors that affect local environments.

Assess how pattern recognition is fundamental to human reasoning and its relationship to comparative reasoning.

Distinguish between the use of comparative reasoning for generating ideas and its limitations in proving those ideas.

Describe how comparative reasoning can be both persuasive and risky.

Understand the economic growth and development of British colonies in the eighteenth century.

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Definitions:

Proposition

A unit of meaning that is made up of concepts and expresses a single idea.

Mental Set

A cognitive framework or mindset that influences how a person approaches and solves problems, often based on past experiences and perceptions.

New Problems

Issues or challenges that have not been previously encountered or recognized.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories.