In a Particular Case of Secondary Succession, Three Species of Wild

question 8

Multiple Choice

In a particular case of secondary succession, three species of wild grass invaded a field. A fourth species' seeds were also dispersed to this field, but despite being adapted to the abiotic conditions, this fourth species did not establish. A possible factor in this secondary succession was

• A) equilibrium.
• B) facilitation.
• C) immigration.
• D) inhibition.
• E) parasitism.

---

Definitions:

Variable-ratio Schedule

A reinforcement schedule in behavioral psychology where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable number of responses, enhancing motivation to respond.

Specified Number

A particular or exact number that has been identified or stated.

Fixed-interval

A timing-based reinforcement plan where rewards are provided following the first response once a set timeframe concludes.

Variable-interval

An unpredictable reinforcement schedule that provides rewards after an unspecified time period following a response.