Please Use the Following Information to Answer the Question(s) Below

question 73

Multiple Choice

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) . Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. Infected animals can also be lethargic, which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee. The infection cycle typically takes four to five days, at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangia into the environment. Zoospores are spores of fungi (as well as some algae and protozoans) that use a flagella for swimming locomotion. In some amphibian species, mortality rates approach 100%; other species seem able to survive the infection.
-A researcher took water in which a Jl population had been thriving, filtered the water to remove all bacterial cells, and then applied the water to the skins of adult amphibians to see if there would subsequently be a reduced infection rate by Bd when frog skins were inoculated with Bd. For which of the following hypotheses is this procedure a potential test?

• A) the hypothesis that a toxin secreted by Jl cells kills Bd cells when both are present together on frog skin
• B) the hypothesis that Jl cells infect and kill Bd cells when both are present together on frog skin
• C) the hypothesis that Jl outcompetes Bd when both are present together on a frog's skin
• D) the hypothesis that the presence of Jl on frog skin causes a skin reaction that prevents attachment by Bd cells

---

Definitions:

Ratification

The act of officially approving or confirming an action, agreement, or decision, often after the fact, to make it valid and binding.

Depreciation

The reduction in the value of an asset over time, particularly due to wear and tear.

Ratify

To formally approve or confirm an agreement or treaty, making it officially valid.

Misrepresentation of Age

The act of intentionally providing a false age or date of birth, usually for the purpose of obtaining certain rights or privileges not available to one's true age.