The Sickle-Cell Allele Is Pleiotropic (I

question 22

Multiple Choice

The sickle-cell allele is pleiotropic (i.e., it affects more than one phenotypic trait) . Specifically, this allele affects oxygen delivery to tissues and affects one's susceptibility to malaria. Under conditions of low atmospheric oxygen availability, individuals heterozygous for this allele can experience life-threatening sickle-cell "crises." Such individuals remain less susceptible to malaria. Thus, pleiotropic genes/alleles such as this can help explain why

• A) new advantageous alleles do not arise on demand.
• B) evolution is limited by historical constraints.
• C) adaptations are often compromises.
• D) chance events can affect the evolutionary history of populations.

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