Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The following questions refer to the evolutionary tree below. The horizontal axis of the cladogram depicted below is a timeline that extends from 100,000 years ago to the present; the vertical axis represents nothing in particular. The labeled branch points on the tree (V-Z) represent various common ancestors. Let's say that only since 50,000 years ago has there been enough variation between the lineages depicted here to separate them into distinct species, and only the tips of the lineages on this tree represent distinct species. 
Figure 19.2
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Figure 19.3
Darwin viewed the history of life as a tree, with multiple branchings from a common trunk to the tips of the twigs. Which part of that tree represents extant organisms?
Definitions:
Consumer Income
The total earnings of an individual or household from all sources, influencing their purchasing decisions.
Maximum Quantity
The highest amount of a product or resource that can be produced, obtained, or allocated under specific conditions.
Units of X
A term used in various contexts to denote a measurement or quantity of a particular item or variable 'X'.
Consumer Income
The total earnings received by consumers from all sources, influencing their spending patterns and ability to purchase goods and services.
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Q43: In part III of Figure 10.1, the