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Ions Need to Move in and Out of Cells Through

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Ions need to move in and out of cells through cell membranes. Direct diffusion of ions through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is difficult because ions are not soluble in these nonpolar regions. Describe three mechanisms by which ions are transported through cell membranes.


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A socio-economic class between the working class and upper class, typically associated with moderate income, higher education levels, and stable employment.

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The unequal distribution of resources, wealth, opportunities, and power across countries and within societies worldwide.

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