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Giardia Intestinalis Is an Intestinal Parasite of Humans and Other

question 11

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Giardia intestinalis is an intestinal parasite of humans and other mammals that causes intestinal ailments in most people who ingest the cysts. Upon ingestion, each cyst releases two motile cells, called "trophozoites". These attach to the small intestine's lining via a ventral adhesive disk. The trophozoites anaerobically metabolise glucose from the host's intestinal contents to produce ATP. Reproduction is completely asexual, occurring by longitudinal binary fission of trophozoites, with each daughter cell receiving two haploid nuclei (n = 5) . A trophozoite will often encyst as it passes into the large intestine by secreting around itself a case that is resistant to cold, heat, and dehydration. Infection usually occurs by drinking untreated water that contains cysts.
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Giardia's mitosome can be said to be "doubly degenerate", because it is a degenerate type of ________, an organelle that is itself a degenerate form of ________.


Definitions:

Semantics

The study of meaning in language, focusing on the relationship between signifiers, like words, phrases, signs, and symbols, and what they stand for.

Syntax

A set of rules for arranging words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Symbolic Structure

The use of symbols and signs in a systematic way to represent ideas or concepts in communication.

Underextension

Underextension is a language development error wherein a child uses a word too narrowly, applying it to a smaller range of objects or situations than is appropriate.

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