Giardia Intestinalis Is an Intestinal Parasite of Humans and Other

question 13

Multiple Choice

Giardia intestinalis is an intestinal parasite of humans and other mammals that causes intestinal ailments in most people who ingest the cysts. Upon ingestion, each cyst releases two motile cells, called "trophozoites". These attach to the small intestine's lining via a ventral adhesive disk. The trophozoites anaerobically metabolise glucose from the host's intestinal contents to produce ATP. Reproduction is completely asexual, occurring by longitudinal binary fission of trophozoites, with each daughter cell receiving two haploid nuclei (n = 5) . A trophozoite will often encyst as it passes into the large intestine by secreting around itself a case that is resistant to cold, heat, and dehydration. Infection usually occurs by drinking untreated water that contains cysts.
-If the mitosomes of Giardia contain no DNA, yet are descendants of what were once free-living organisms, then where are we likely to find the genes that encode their structures, and what accounts for their current location there?

• A) plasmids; conjugation
• B) plasmids; transformation
• C) nucleus; horizontal gene transfer
• D) nucleus; S phase

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Definitions:

Increasing-Cost Industry

An industry in which production costs rise as the industry's output increases, often due to the input costs and resource limitations.

Increasing-Cost Industry

An industry in which the costs of production increase as the output expands, usually due to factors like shortages of resources or increased prices of inputs.

Increasing Returns

A situation in economics where an increase in the scale of production leads to a greater than proportional increase in output, often resulting in economies of scale.