In This Eight-Year Experiment, 12 Populations of E

question 67

Multiple Choice

In this eight-year experiment, 12 populations of E. coli, each begun from a single cell, were grown in low-glucose conditions for 20,000 generations. Each culture was introduced to fresh growth medium every 24 hours. Occasionally, samples were removed from the populations, and their fitness in low-glucose conditions was tested against that of members sampled from the ancestral (common ancestor) E. coli population.
-If the experimental population of E. coli lacks an F factor or F plasmid, and if bacteriophages are excluded from the bacterial cultures, then beneficial mutations might be transmitted horizontally to other E. coli cells via ________.

• A) sex pili
• B) transduction
• C) conjugation
• D) transformation

---

Definitions:

Service Costs

Expenses incurred in the creation or delivery of services, including labor, materials, and overhead costs specifically related to service departments.

Resource Requirements

The specific materials, labor, capital, and other resources needed to achieve an objective or project.

Efficiency

The ability to accomplish a task or produce an output with a minimum amount of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort.

Supervisor Wages

The compensation, often hourly or salaried, paid to individuals in supervisory positions for overseeing the work of others.