The following question refers to this phylogenetic tree, depicting the origins of life and the three domains. Horizontal lines indicate instances of gene or genome transfer. 
A possible phylogenetic tree for the three domains of life.
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Which of these processes can be included among those responsible for the horizontal components of the figure?
Definitions:
Purposeful
Acting with intention and a clear goal in mind.
Goal Directed
Activities or behaviors that are aimed at achieving specific objectives or outcomes.
Maslow's Hierarchy
A theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow that depicts a five-tier model of human needs, ranging from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.
Physiological Needs
Fundamental requirements for human survival, such as food, water, warmth, and rest.
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