In Describing His Experiences During Decision Making That Preceded the Disastrous

question 41

Multiple Choice

In describing his experiences during decision making that preceded the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion, Kennedy's adviser, Arthur Schlesinger, reported that although he was opposed to the invasion, he didn't speak out because "others would regard it as presumptuous of him, a college professor, to take issue with august heads of government institutions." This example best reflects ________ as a symptom of groupthink.

• A) groups members' sense of invulnerability
• B) decisive leaders' refusal to solicit other points of view
• C) self-censorship in the interest of avoiding criticism
• D) the isolation of groups

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Definitions:

Degrees Of Freedom

Degrees Of Freedom represent the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary, often determining the shape of various sampling distributions.

Interaction Term

In statistical models, it represents the combined effect of two or more variables on a dependent variable, which is different from the effect of any one variable alone.

ANOVA Table

A table used in analysis of variance that summarizes the sources of variance in the data, including the between-groups variance and within-groups variance, to help determine if there are significant differences between groups.

Keyboard Configuration

The arrangement and settings of keys on a keyboard, which can vary by language or user preference.