Recall That Kunda and Oleson (1997)presented People with One or Two

question 195

Multiple Choice

Recall that Kunda and Oleson (1997) presented people with one or two examples that countered people's strongly held stereotypes and found that some people actually strengthened their belief in the stereotype when confronted with such disconfirmations.According to the researchers,this occurred because

• A)the people simply ignored the evidence.
• B)the people misperceived the evidence in line with their preconceptions.
• C)the people were motivated by the counterexamples to find even more reasons why their belief held.
• D)the people in the experiment were a clinical sample of sociopaths; this occurs only for this subgroup.

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Definitions:

Expected Value

The weighted average of all possible values of a random variable, with the weights being the probabilities of each outcome.

Absolute Value

The distance of a number from zero on the number line, disregarding its sign.

Payoff

The outcome or return from an investment or decision, often expressed in terms of profit or loss.

Probability

Probability quantifies the likelihood of an event occurring, ranging from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain), and is a fundamental concept in statistics.