In a Series of Experiments,Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson (1995)had

question 124

Multiple Choice

In a series of experiments,Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson (1995) had both African-American and Anglo- American students at Stanford University take a verbal test.In one condition,the test was described as a valid measure of intelligence,and in the other condition,the test was described as neither a reliable nor valid measure of intelligence.In the former condition,African Americans performed more poorly than did Anglo Americans because

• A)African Americans were overwhelmed by a fear of success.
• B)African Americans experienced stereotype threat.
• C)Anglo Americans were determined that African Americans would not "outscore" them.
• D)African Americans shared the cultural stereotype.

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Definitions:

Primary Circular Reactions

Repetitive actions focused on the body that infants engage in for pleasure, part of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development.

Schema

A cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information, based on past experiences and knowledge.

Assimilations

The process of integrating new information into existing cognitive schemas, frameworks, or understandings.

Accommodations

Adjustments made in educational or workplace settings to support individuals with disabilities, ensuring equal access and opportunities.