____ Are Defined as Costs Which Are Incurred Regardless of the Alternative

question 4

Multiple Choice

____ are defined as costs which are incurred regardless of the alternative action chosen in a decision-making problem.

• A) Opportunity costs
• B) Marginal costs
• C) Relevant costs
• D) Sunk costs
• E) None of the above

---

Definitions:

Conditioned Response

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with an unconditioned stimulus through classical conditioning.

Reinforcement

In behavioral psychology, a procedure or consequence that strengthens behavior or increases the likelihood of its recurrence.

Punishment

A consequence applied with the intention of reducing the occurrence of a certain behavior.

Behavior Occurring

the manifestation or action of a specific behavior in a particular context or environment.