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question 149

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Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Duran, J., Morton, G. & Sikorski, A.M. Poster No. 31. Elucidating the relative concentration of physical activity to memory consolidation and memory retrieval. Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience Meeting. San Diego, CA: FUN 2010
Exercise and Memory Study
These researchers examined whether acute physical activity could improve the memory retention of recently studied items, and whether memory was differentially affected by the timing of exercise intervention. After studying a list of 40 English-Swahili word pairs, healthy adult human volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. Participants in the consolidation treatment (CONS) exercised for 20 minutes immediately after studying the word pairs and then worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 20 minutes. Participants in the retrieval condition (RET) worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 20 minutes immediately after studying the word pairs and then exercised for 20 minutes. Participants in the control condition (CONT) worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 40 minutes after studying the word pairs. . In all conditions, participants were tested 40 minutes following the initial study phase. the test phase consisted of presenting the participants with Swahili words and asking them to speak its English translation. Memory was operationally defined by the total number of correctly recalled Swahili words. The results revealed that participants who had exercised immediately after studying the Swahili-English word pairs recalled significantly more words than those in the RET or CONT conditions. These results suggest that acute exercise immediately following learning modulates memory consolidation.
-(Scenario III) Amber was a participant in this study who was tested in the control condition. Her classmate, Jeff, also participated in the study but was tested in the RET condition. After sharing their experiences with each other they determined that the study was probably about college students' ability to learn a foreign language. Amber and Jeff are engaging in:

Definitions:

Basal Bodies

Microtubule-organizing centers found at the base of cilia or flagella in eukaryotic cells, crucial for their growth and function.

Mitochondria

Organelles found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that produce energy through cellular respiration, often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell.

Hydrolytic Enzymes

Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of bonds in molecules through the addition of water.

Lysosomes

Organelles containing enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris within cells.