Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 116

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Duran, J., Morton, G. & Sikorski, A.M. Poster No. 31. Elucidating the relative concentration of physical activity to memory consolidation and memory retrieval. Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience Meeting. San Diego, CA: FUN 2010
Exercise and Memory Study
These researchers examined whether acute physical activity could improve the memory retention of recently studied items, and whether memory was differentially affected by the timing of exercise intervention. After studying a list of 40 English-Swahili word pairs, healthy adult human volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. Participants in the consolidation treatment (CONS) exercised for 20 minutes immediately after studying the word pairs and then worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 20 minutes. Participants in the retrieval condition (RET) worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 20 minutes immediately after studying the word pairs and then exercised for 20 minutes. Participants in the control condition (CONT) worked on a jigsaw puzzle for 40 minutes after studying the word pairs. . In all conditions, participants were tested 40 minutes following the initial study phase. the test phase consisted of presenting the participants with Swahili words and asking them to speak its English translation. Memory was operationally defined by the total number of correctly recalled Swahili words. The results revealed that participants who had exercised immediately after studying the Swahili-English word pairs recalled significantly more words than those in the RET or CONT conditions. These results suggest that acute exercise immediately following learning modulates memory consolidation.
-(Scenario III) The researchers involved in the study described in Scenario III want to conduct a follow-up study to examine the minimum amount of exercise required following learning to improve memory recall. To determine whether there is a linear relationship between exercise duration and memory, the researchers should:

• A) manipulate exercise duration so it has at least three levels.
• B) measure memory a minimum of three times.
• C) control for the intelligence of the participants.
• D) ensure only physically sedentary adults participate in the study.

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Definitions:

Psychoanalysis

A therapeutic approach and theory of psychology developed by Sigmund Freud, focusing on unconscious motivations and conflicts.

Scientific Research

Scientific research is the systematic investigation and study of materials, sources, and phenomena, utilizing methods based on empirical or measurable evidence to expand knowledge.

Carl Rogers

An influential American psychologist who founded the client-centered or person-centered approach to therapy.

Psychoanalysis

A therapeutic approach and theory developed by Sigmund Freud focusing on unconscious motivations and conflicts influencing behavior.