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Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 136

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Curry, N. A. & Kasser, T. (2005) . Can coloring mandalas reduce anxiety? Art Therapy: Journal of American Art Therapy Association, 22(2) 81-85.
Effect of Coloring on Anxiety
Curry and Kasser were interested in examining whether coloring complex geometric patterns reduces anxiety. To that end, they induced anxiety in 84 undergraduate volunteers from their university. Following anxiety induction the participants were divided into two coloring conditions. To determine which condition each participant would be in the researchers put all of their names in a hat. The first name drawn was placed in group 1, the second name drawn was placed in group 2, the third name drawn was placed in group 1, and so on. Those in the complex geometric coloring condition (group 1) were given a paper with a plaid pattern or the outline of a mandala. Those in the control condition (group 2) were given a blank piece of paper. After 20 minutes of coloring all of the participants completed a self-administered State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) . Lower SAI scores indicate low levels of anxiety whereas higher SAI scores indicate high levels of anxiety. The mean SAI scores of each coloring condition were compared to determine whether the type of coloring one does affects anxiety. The results revealed that those who colored a complex geometric pattern had significantly different levels of anxiety than those who colored on a blank sheet of paper. Curry and Kasser concluded that coloring causes a change in anxiety, but only when coloring requires a certain amount of attention and focus.
Figure 1. Effect of Coloring on Anxiety

-(Scenario I) Had participants in this study been allowed to select whether they wanted to color the mandala, the plaid pattern, or the blank paper, the researchers would have used __________ assignment.

Definitions:

Variable Costs

Costs that vary directly with the level of production or sales volume, such as materials and direct labor.

Cost Volume Profit Graph

A graphical representation that displays the relationships between a company's costs, revenues, and profits over different levels of production and sales volumes.

CVP Graph

A visual representation of the Cost-Volume-Profit analysis, illustrating the relationships between an organization's costs, sales volume, and profit.

Operating Leverage

The extent to which a company uses fixed costs in its operations, affecting its potential for higher profits or losses with changes in sales volume.