Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 111

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Ambrose, B. K., Rostron, B. L., Johnson, S. E., et al. (2014) . Perceptions of the relative harm of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among U.S. youth. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 47, S53-S60.
How Youths Perceive E-Cigarettes
The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) held by American adolescents and teens. To that end, Ambrose and colleagues (2014) examined data obtained previously by the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey. This survey includes responses from 24,658 children in 6^th through 12^th grades across the United States. The results revealed that 33% of the students believed that e-cigs were safer than traditional cigarettes. Interestingly, the children who reported never having smoked were less likely to perceive e-cigs as safer than traditional cigarettes. These results suggest that e-cigs may entice kids who would normally avoid cigarettes. Although e-cigs do not contain many of the harmful chemicals found in traditional cigarettes, they do contain nicotine. Because nicotine is addictive, e-cig use may become a gateway to traditional cigarettes.
-(Scenario II) Based on the current ethical guidelines, from whom did the researchers in Scenario II obtain informed consent?

• A) the children
• B) the children's parents
• C) the children and their parents
• D) No one. Informed consent is not required for survey research.

---

Definitions:

Refined Sugar

Sugar that has undergone a refining process to remove impurities and reach a level of purity suitable for consumption or industrial use.

Beet Fiber

A byproduct of sugar beet processing, often used as livestock feed or as a raw material in the production of biodegradable products.

Industrial Fiber

Man-made or natural fibers that are primarily used in manufacturing and industrial applications due to their strength and durability.

Refined Sugar

Sugar that has undergone processing and purification to remove impurities and color, resulting in white, granulated sugar.