Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 42

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Swee, G. & Schirmer, A. (2014) . On the importance of being vocal: saying ''ow'' improves pain tolerance. The Journal of Pain, 16(4) , 326-334.
Vocalization and Pain Tolerance
Swee and Schirmer (2014) examined the effect of behavioral interventions on pain tolerance in adults. Participants submerged their nondominant hand in an ice bath on five different occasions. During each occasion they either said "ow," heard a recording of them saying "ow," heard a recording of someone else saying "ow," pressed a button, or did nothing. The researchers hypothesized that what participants did while their hand was in the ice bath would increase how long they kept their hand in the ice bath. The results of the study showed that when participants said "ow" they were able to keep their hand in the ice bath significantly longer than during any of the other treatment conditions.
-(Scenario I) What is the independent variable in Scenario I?

• A) intervention
• B) pain tolerance
• C) saying "ow"
• D) how long a participant kept their hand in the ice bath

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Definitions:

Injunctive Norm

Social norms that refer to the perception of what behaviors are approved or disapproved of by others.

Plagiarize

The act of copying someone else's work, ideas, or expressions without proper acknowledgment, thereby presenting them as one’s own.

Intrarole Conflict

Occurs when there are incompatible demands or expectations within the same role, causing stress and confusion for the individual.

Incongruous Behaviors

Actions or responses by an individual that do not match the expected norms or values of a group or situation.