Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 33

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Swee, G. & Schirmer, A. (2014) . On the importance of being vocal: saying ''ow'' improves pain tolerance. The Journal of Pain, 16(4) , 326-334.
Vocalization and Pain Tolerance
Swee and Schirmer (2014) examined the effect of behavioral interventions on pain tolerance in adults. Participants submerged their nondominant hand in an ice bath on five different occasions. During each occasion they either said "ow," heard a recording of them saying "ow," heard a recording of someone else saying "ow," pressed a button, or did nothing. The researchers hypothesized that what participants did while their hand was in the ice bath would increase how long they kept their hand in the ice bath. The results of the study showed that when participants said "ow" they were able to keep their hand in the ice bath significantly longer than during any of the other treatment conditions.
-(Scenario I) Which of the following is the best conclusion of this study?

• A) The results suggest that pain tolerance can be affected behaviorally, particularly by vocalizing one's discomfort.
• B) These data prove that vocalizing one's discomfort to a painful stimulus will increase their pain tolerance.
• C) The results of the study show that people who vocalize their discomfort have a greater tolerance for pain.
• D) All of these conclusions are equally acceptable.

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Definitions:

Japan

A country located in East Asia, known for its rich culture, technological advancements, and distinctive historical heritage.

Collectivistic/Individualistic Dichotomy

A framework for understanding how cultures emphasize either group cohesion and interdependence (collectivism) or personal independence and individual rights (individualism).

Dominant Criticism

Prevalent or influential critiques within a field of study or subject area, often shaping the direction of discussion, research, or understanding.

Sample Sizes

Refers to the number of participants or observations included in a study, critical for determining the study's statistical power and generalizability.