Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 81

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Scenario II is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Tiggemann, M. & Zaccardo, M. (2015) . "Exercise to be fit, not skinny": The effect of fitspiration imagery on women's body image. Body Image, 15, 61-67.
Fitspiration and Body Image Study
Tiggemann and Zaccardo examined the effect of photographic images on a variety of psychological constructs. A total of 130 undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions. In the "fitspiration" condition, participants were presented images designed to inspire fitness. These images included men and women wearing fitness clothing and participating in physical activity with fitness-inspiring captions. Participants in the control condition were presented images of exotic destinations with descriptive captions of the landscape. Following the presentation of the images all participants completed surveys to assess mood, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem. In addition, each participant also reported how inspired they felt from each photo.
-(Scenario II) The authors of Scenario II concluded that "These results suggest that while the intent of fitness photos is to inspire, they actually produce a negative body image and promote self-hate." What's the most likely explanation for why they didn't use the word prove instead of suggest?

• A) They recognized that their methodology was flawed, and as such could not make a statement of absolute causation.
• B) They understand that statistical tests provide probabilistic conclusions about the relationships between our variables of interest and not absolute truths.
• C) The design of their study is qualitative, and qualitative studies are inherently imprecise.
• D) Not all of the participants in the fitspiration condition reported more body-dissatisfaction.

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Definitions:

Observational Learning

A learning process through watching the actions of others and the consequences that result from those actions.

Sensation Seeking

The personality trait characterized by the search for experiences and feelings that are varied, novel, complex, and intense.

Genetic Factors

Elements within genes and chromosomes that influence traits, characteristics, and the likelihood of developing diseases or conditions.

Psychosocial Development

Erik Erikson's theory that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development from infancy to adulthood.