Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 153

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III is presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Sikorski, A.M., Hebert, N. & Swain, R.A. (2008) . Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) inhibits new vessel growth in the mammalian brain. Brain Research, 1213, 35-40
Exercise and Angiogenesis
Sikorski, Hebert, and Swain (2008) examined whether physical activity led to vascular changes in the cerebellum of rats. To that end, animals were randomly assigned to an exercise condition or to an inactive control condition. Animals that exercised had free access to a running wheel attached to their home cage. Animals in the inactive condition were housed in a cage of a similar size, but they had no access to physical activity beyond the confines of the cage. To examine vascular changes the researchers removed the brains of animals after 30 days in their respective condition. The cerebellums were then sliced and stained to visualize the lumen of the blood vessels. Stereology was used to quantify vasculature. The results showed that animals permitted to voluntarily exercise had a significantly greater blood vessel density than their inactive counterparts. This suggests that exercise has a direct effect on the structure of the brain. These morphological changes may underlie a variety of exercise-mediated cognitive enhancements.
-(Scenario III) After hearing about this study Kevin takes up swimming in hopes it will improve his memory. Kevin appears to have used _____ to come up with the idea to swim.

• A) a heuristic
• B) introspection
• C) applied research
• D) a bias

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Definitions:

Kruskal-Wallis Test

A nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there are statistically significant differences between two or more groups of an independent variable on a continuous or ordinal dependent variable.

Wilcoxon Rank-sum Test

A nonparametric statistical test used to compare two independent samples to assess whether their population mean ranks differ.

Statistical Populations

A set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment.

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test

A non-parametric statistical test used to compare two related samples, matched samples, or repeated measurements on a single sample to assess differences.