Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 40

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario III
Scenario III is presents fabricated data inspired by the following study:
Sikorski, A.M., Hebert, N. & Swain, R.A. (2008) . Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) inhibits new vessel growth in the mammalian brain. Brain Research, 1213, 35-40
Exercise and Angiogenesis
Sikorski, Hebert, and Swain (2008) examined whether physical activity led to vascular changes in the cerebellum of rats. To that end, animals were randomly assigned to an exercise condition or to an inactive control condition. Animals that exercised had free access to a running wheel attached to their home cage. Animals in the inactive condition were housed in a cage of a similar size, but they had no access to physical activity beyond the confines of the cage. To examine vascular changes the researchers removed the brains of animals after 30 days in their respective condition. The cerebellums were then sliced and stained to visualize the lumen of the blood vessels. Stereology was used to quantify vasculature. The results showed that animals permitted to voluntarily exercise had a significantly greater blood vessel density than their inactive counterparts. This suggests that exercise has a direct effect on the structure of the brain. These morphological changes may underlie a variety of exercise-mediated cognitive enhancements.
-(Scenario III) Jenny cites four reasons why she believes exercise promotes cognitive function. Which of the following reasons is NOT anecdotal?

• A) Since she began exercising, Jenny's GPA has improved significantly.
• B) An article in Psychology Today described that actress Mayim Bialik, who earned her Ph.D. in Neuroscience from UCLA, runs five miles each day.
• C) A recent paper in Cognitive Psychology reported that the mean IQ of 10^th graders from schools that include daily physical activity in its curriculum is greater than the IQ of 10^th graders whose curriculum does not include PE.
• D) A local elementary school board refused to eliminate physical education from its curriculum on grounds it would affect the academic performance of their students.

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Definitions:

Business Advocates

Individuals or groups that actively promote and support the interests of a business within the community, market, or regulatory environment.

Empowers Customers

The process of giving customers control and information to make informed decisions, often leading to enhanced satisfaction and engagement with a product or service.

Social Marketing

The use of marketing principles and techniques to influence behavior change for a social good.

Ethical

Pertains to moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity, especially concerning right and wrong.