The Type of Statistical Study That Can Show Cause and Effect

question 81

Multiple Choice

The type of statistical study that can show cause and effect is:

• A) an experimental study.
• B) an observational study.
• C) a prospective study.
• D) a retrospective study.

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Definitions:

Modus Ponens

A form of logical argument where a premise, if true, inevitably leads to a particular conclusion.

Modus Tollens

A logical argument form where if the consequent is not true, then the antecedent cannot be true; often formatted as "If P, then Q. Not Q, therefore not P."

Deductive Reasoning

A rational procedure where an outcome is derived from the agreement of several statements, which are widely accepted as true.

Deductive Validity

A property of some logical arguments such that it is impossible for the premises to be true and for the conclusion(s) to be false.