John Meyer and Brian Rowan Found That the Formal Procedures

question 14

Multiple Choice

John Meyer and Brian Rowan found that the formal procedures in a bureaucracy are often:

• A)myths that people profess to follow but that have little basis in reality
• B)outdated and need revision
• C)identical to the practices adopted by members of the organization
• D)understood to be the "right" way to do things
• E)ignored by most members of the organization

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Definitions:

Covert Self-guidance

An internal process where an individual directs their own actions and thoughts in achieving personal goals without external observation.

Self-evaluation Self-statement

Internal reflections and judgments that individuals make about their own performance or behavior.

Irrational Conclusions

Beliefs or judgments not based on rational analysis or evidence, often leading to negative thinking patterns.

Awfulizing

The cognitive distortion involving the exaggeration of the negativity of an event or situation.