A Rat Has Been Trained in an Operant Conditioning Chamber

question 48

Multiple Choice

A rat has been trained in an operant conditioning chamber to press a lever to get a food pellet. Following the acquisition trials, the researcher then withheld reinforcement for lever pressing and eventually the rat stopped responding. This example illustrates:

• A) the effect of negative reinforcement.
• B) the effect of punishment by application.
• C) learned helplessness.
• D) extinction.

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Definitions:

Social Costs

The total cost to society, including both private costs borne by individuals and external costs affecting others not directly involved in a transaction.

Circular Flow Model

An economic model depicting how money moves through an economy between producers and consumers, illustrating the interconnectedness of different sectors.

Capital Goods

Long-term assets used by businesses to produce goods and services, such as buildings, machinery, and equipment.

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

A French socialist philosopher and politician, best known for his declaration that "property is theft" in the context of his critique of the social injustices of his time.