_____ Was the First Psychologist to Systematically Investigate Animal Learning

question 499

Multiple Choice

_____ was the first psychologist to systematically investigate animal learning and to study how voluntary behaviors are influenced by their consequences.

• A) Edward C. Tolman
• B) B. F. Skinner
• C) Ivan Pavlov
• D) Edward L. Thorndike

Comprehend the basic principles of cost in economics, including the distinction between fixed and variable costs.

Grasp the concept of economic profit and how it is calculated in relation to accounting costs and total revenue.

Identify and explain the significance of the law of diminishing returns in the context of productivity and cost.

Understand the concept and examples of sunk costs in economic decision-making.

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Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

A learning process first described by Ivan Pavlov, in which an organism comes to associate two stimuli, leading to a change in behavior.

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others and the outcomes of those behaviors, without direct personal experience.

Intermittent Reinforcement

A conditioning schedule in which a behavior is reinforced only some of the time, leading to more resistant and lasting behavioral changes.

Continuous Reinforcement

A method of learning that involves rewarding a behavior every time it occurs, leading to faster acquisition of the behavior.