It Is Believed That Nightmares

question 29

Multiple Choice

It is believed that nightmares:

• A) are the most common type of dyssomnia.
• B) are not indicative of psychological or sleep disorders unless they occur frequently, cause difficulties returning to sleep, or cause daytime distress.
• C) that occur during NREM slow-wave sleep are closely associated with the development of psychological disorders and sleep disorders.
• D) are the most common type of parasomnia.

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Definitions:

Delayed Reinforcement

A technique in behavior modification that involves a time delay between the desired response of an organism and the delivery of reward.

Classical Conditioning

An educational approach where two stimuli are persistently paired; the response, initially the result of the second stimulus, eventually becomes the result of the first stimulus alone.

Operant Conditioning

A process of learning in which the dynamics of behavior are adjusted by assigning incentives or penalties.

Extinction

In psychology, the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency.