A Disruption in the Normal Patterns of Sleep Is One

question 449

Multiple Choice

A disruption in the normal patterns of sleep is one of the main characteristics of major depressive disorder. How are normal sleep patterns disrupted?

• A) The amount of time spent in nondreaming, deeply relaxed sleep doubles or triples during major depressive disorder.
• B) Depressed people often awaken spontaneously at three or four o'clock in the morning and cannot get back to sleep even though they are still tired.
• C) The majority of depressed people sleep excessively, usually for 18 to 20 hours a day, day after day.
• D) Periods of dreaming REM sleep occur in regular 90-minute cycles rather than the normal sporadic and variable periods of REM.

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Definitions:

Free Association

A psychoanalytic technique in which the patient is invited to share any thoughts, feelings, or images that come to mind, without censorship or filtering, to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Resistance

The act of opposing or struggling against something, which can be manifest in various forms, including psychological and physical resistance.

Defense Maneuver

Psychological strategies employed by individuals to protect themselves from perceived threats or to manage stress and anxiety, often unconsciously.

Transference

Transference is a psychological phenomenon in which patients project feelings, desires, or expectations from past relationships onto their therapist during psychotherapy.