Examlex
The network externalities that support eBay's dominance of the market online auctions are primarily the result of user-based network effects.
Agency Costs
Expenses, either direct or indirect, that are borne by a principal as a result of having delegated authority to an agent. An example is the costs borne by shareholders to encourage managers to maximize a firm’s stock price rather than act in their own self-interests. These costs may also arise from lost efficiency and the expense of monitoring management to ensure that debtholders’ rights are protected.
Bankruptcy Costs
Expenses and fees associated with the process of declaring bankruptcy, including legal, administrative, and any potential asset liquidation costs.
Business Risk
The risk inherent in the operations of the firm, prior to the financing decision. Thus, business risk is the uncertainty inherent in a total risk sense, future operating income, or earnings before interest and taxes. Business risk is caused by many factors. Two of the most important are sales variability and operating leverage.
Standard Deviation
A statistical measure of the dispersion or variability of a set of data points, often used in finance to gauge investment risk.
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