Research on Consistency Motivations in Poland and the United States

question 23

Multiple Choice

Research on consistency motivations in Poland and the United States reveals that

• A)Americans and Poles show no difference in their consistency motivations.
• B)Americans show stronger temporal consistency motives,whereas Poles show stronger contextual consistency motives.
• C)Americans show stronger self-consistency motives,whereas Poles show stronger peer-consistency motives.
• D)Americans show stronger self-consistency and contextual consistency motives.
• E)Poles show stronger temporal consistency and contextual consistency motives.

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Definitions:

Nominal Interest Rates

The interest rate before adjustments for inflation, representing the face value of borrowing costs.

Inflation Rate

How quickly the average cost of products and services goes up, causing the ability to purchase to decline.

Price/Earnings Ratio

A valuation ratio of a company's current share price compared to its per-share earnings, indicating the dollar amount an investor can expect to invest in a company in order to receive one dollar of that company’s earnings.

Interest Rates

The proportion of a loan charged as interest to the borrower, typically expressed as an annual percentage of the loan outstanding.