The P-Value of a Sample Is the Probability of Seeing

question 46

Multiple Choice

The p-value of a sample is the probability of seeing a sample with

• A) at most as much evidence in favor of the null hypothesis as the sample actually observed.
• B) at most as much evidence in favor of the alternative hypothesis as the sample actually observed.
• C) at least as much evidence in favor of the null hypothesis as the sample actually observed.
• D) at least as much evidence in favor of the alternative hypothesis as the sample actually observed.

---

Definitions:

Passing

The ability of a person to be regarded as a member of an identity group or category different from their own, especially in contexts of gender, race, social class, etc.

Stigma

Personal characteristics that others view as insurmountable handicaps preventing competent or morally trustworthy behavior.

Mascots

Characters, often anthropomorphic, used to represent a team, brand, or organization, typically for marketing or spirit reasons.

Consequences

Results or effects that stem from specific actions or conditions, potentially leading to positive or negative outcomes.