The Student Welfare Office Was Interested in Trying to Enhance

question 13

Multiple Choice

The student welfare office was interested in trying to enhance students' exam performance by investigating the effects of various interventions. They took five groups of students before their statistics exams and gave them one of five interventions: (1) a control group just sat in a room contemplating the task ahead; (2) the second group had a yoga class to relax them; (3) the third group were told they would get monetary rewards contingent upon the grade they received in the exam; (4) the fourth group were given beta-blockers to calm their nerves; and (5) the fifth group were encouraged to sit around winding each other up about how much revision they had/hadn't done (a bit like what usually happens) . The final percentage obtained in the exam was the dependent variable. Using the critical values for F, how would you report the result in the table below? $$\begin{array} {| l | l l l l |} \hline&\text { SS} & \text { Df } & \text { MS } & F \\\hline \text { Madel } & 1213.6 & 4 & 303.4 & 12.43 ^ { * * } \\\text { Residual } & 7079 & 29 & 21.4 & \\\hline \text { Total } & 1921.5 & 33 & & \\\hline\end{array}$$

• A)Type of intervention had a significant effect on levels of exam performance, F(4, 29) = 12.43, p < .01.
• B)Type of intervention did not have a significant effect on levels of exam performance, F(4, 29) = 12.43, p > .05.
• C)Type of intervention did not have a significant effect on levels of exam performance, F(4, 33) = 12.43, p > .01.
• D)Type of intervention had a significant effect on levels of exam performance, F(4, 33) = 12.43, p < .01.

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Definitions:

Decision-Making

The cognitive process of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives, typically involving critical thinking and analysis.

Management

entails the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively.

Leadership

The ability to guide, direct, or influence people towards the achievement of goals.

Trait Leadership Perspective

A theory that suggests leaders possess certain inherent personality traits or characteristics that distinguish them from non-leaders.