Imagine We Wanted to Investigate Whether the Reason for Quitting

question 12

Multiple Choice

Imagine we wanted to investigate whether the reason for quitting smoking affects success rate. We recruited a sample of 120 smokers. Half wanted to quit to improve their appearance (yellow teeth and bad breath, etc.) , and half wanted to quit to improve their health (life expectancy, etc.) . After six months we measured how successful they had been at quitting smoking. The data were skewed, so we ran a Mann-Whitney test on the data (output below) . Which of the following sentences correctly reports the results from the Mann-Whitney test?

• A)People who wanted to quit smoking to improve their appearance did not significantly differ from those who wanted to quit to improve their health, U = 1415.50, z = −2.04, p = .04.
• B)People who wanted to quit smoking to improve their appearance (M = 66.91) were significantly more successful at quitting than those who wanted to quit to improve their health (M = 54.09), U = −2.04, z = 188.57, p = .04.
• C)People who wanted to quit smoking to improve their appearance were significantly more successful at quitting than those who wanted to quit to improve their health, U = 1415.50, z = −2.04, p = .04.
• D)People who wanted to quit smoking to improve their health were significantly more successful at quitting than those who wanted to quit to improve their appearance, U = 1415.50, z = −2.04, p = .04.

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Definitions:

National Output

The total value of goods and services produced by a country's economy over a specific period of time. It's synonymous with gross domestic product (GDP).

Crowding-Out Debate

A discussion on how government borrowing or spending may lead to reduced investment in the private sector due to increased interest rates or other mechanisms.

Keynesians

Economists and theories following the principles of John Maynard Keynes, emphasizing the role of government intervention to moderate economic cycles.

Conservative Economists

Economists who generally favor policies that aim to promote free markets, low taxation, and minimal government intervention in the economy.