A Covariance Structure Needs to Be Applied to Multilevel Modelling

question 2

Multiple Choice

A covariance structure needs to be applied to multilevel modelling when there are random effects or repeated measures incorporated into the design. These are important as they provide an estimate of the model parameters, but what happens if you apply a covariance structure that is too simple?

• A) It increases the likelihood of making a Type I error.
• B) It increases the likelihood of making a Type II error.
• C) It increases the likelihood of making a Type I or Type II error.
• D) It increases the likelihood of accepting the null hypothesis when it is false.

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Definitions:

Collectivistic Cultures

Cultures that prioritize the needs and goals of the group over individual desires or accomplishments, emphasizing community, cooperation, and social harmony.

Community Cooperation

Refers to the collaborative efforts and mutual assistance within a community to achieve common goals or address shared concerns.

Individual Distinction

The aspects that make a person unique or set them apart from others, often related to personal achievements or characteristics.

External Attributions

The process of ascribing the cause of one’s own or others’ behavior to external factors or circumstances.