Examine the Table Below

question 21

Multiple Choice

Examine the table below. What do the z-scores (i.e. standardized residuals) for the two variables tell us?

• A) Athletes who were inspired by the London Olympics had a significant z-score.
• B) Non-athletes who were inspired by the London Olympics had a significant z-score.
• C) None of the z-scores were significant.
• D) Athletes who were not inspired by the London Olympics had a significant z-score.

---

Definitions:

Punishment

A process in which a consequence immediately follows a behavior, decreasing the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.

Operant Responding

A behavior modification process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Negative Reinforcement

A behavioral concept where the removal of an adverse stimulus strengthens a behavior or increases its likelihood of being repeated.

Operant Conditioning

A process of instruction where behaviors are adjusted by the application of reinforcements or deterrents.