If Sphericity Is Not Assumed, What Needs to Be Adjusted

question 20

Multiple Choice

If sphericity is not assumed, what needs to be adjusted to account for the violation and what impact does it have on the F-ratio?

• A) The degrees of freedom need to be adjusted, which makes the F-ratio more conservative to protect against Type I error
• B) The degrees of freedom need to be adjusted, which makes the F-ratio more liberal to protect against Type II error
• C) The mean sum of squares needs to be adjusted, which makes the F-ratio more conservative to protect against Type I error
• D) The mean sum of squares needs to be adjusted, which makes the F-ratio more liberal to protect against Type II error

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Definitions:

Supply

The total amount of a specific good or service that is available to consumers, typically influenced by the price level, production costs, and other factors.

Total Surplus

The sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus in a market, representing the total benefits to society from the production and consumption of goods and services.

Demand

The quantity of a particular good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices during a given period of time.

Negatively Sloped

Describes a line or curve on a graph that moves downwards as it moves from left to right, indicating an inverse relationship between two variables.