For Calculations of the Indirect Fitness Benefit of Altruistic Behaviour

question 22

Multiple Choice

For calculations of the indirect fitness benefit of altruistic behaviour and kin selection, r is the

• A) coefficient of relatedness between the donor and recipient.
• B) benefit given to a recipient relative.
• C) direct fitness cost to the donor.
• D) indirect fitness cost to the donor.

---

Definitions:

Contrast Medium

A substance that makes internal organs denser and blocks the passage of X-rays to photographic film. Introducing a contrast medium into certain structures or areas of the body can provide a clear image of organs and tissues and highlight indications of how well they are functioning.

Fluoroscopy

An imaging technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the interior of an object or body, often used in diagnostic and treatment procedures.

Gastrointestinal Angiography

A medical imaging technique used to visualize the blood vessels in the gastrointestinal tract for the diagnosis or treatment of conditions causing gastrointestinal bleeding or blockages.

Upper GI Bleeding

A medical condition characterized by bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine.