Examlex
Transactions between related parties that result in disallowed losses might later provide a tax benefit to the related party buyer.
Startled
The act of experiencing a sudden, involuntary reaction to an unexpected event or stimulus, often involving physical movement.
Classical Conditioning
A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
Instrumental Conditioning
A learning process in which behavior is modified by the consequences of the behavior, through reinforcement or punishment.
CR and US
denote Conditioned Response and Unconditioned Stimulus respectively; terms used in classical conditioning to describe learned responses and natural triggers.
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