What Do Edna Bonacich and Richard Appelbaum Mean When They

question 71

Multiple Choice

What do Edna Bonacich and Richard Appelbaum mean when they write about a global "race to the bottom" in the retail-dominated production of clothing?

• A) Clothing retailers and manufacturers race to get out new products before anyone else and thus foment innovation and increasing quality in the sector.
• B) Retailers and manufacturers will go anywhere on Earth to pay the lowest possible wages,which results in dismal wages for workers-who are often mere children.
• C) As the manufacture of clothing for large retailers was increasingly centered on areas of the Southern Hemisphere,competition for workers gradually brought wages up in these parts of the world.
• D) A manufacturing race has been on for more than 20 years,and it pits large northern retailers against southern manufacturers.

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Definitions:

CS

An acronym that stands for Conditioned Stimulus, a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.

CS

Stands for Conditioned Stimulus, an initially neutral stimulus that, after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response.

US

In the context of conditioning, this stands for the Unconditioned Stimulus, which automatically triggers a response without prior learning.

Classical Conditioning

A systematic method of pairing two stimuli repeatedly for learning; initially, the response comes from the second stimulus but ultimately comes from the first stimulus alone.