In Order to Survive in the Geothermally Heated Soils of Yellowstone

question 49

Multiple Choice

In order to survive in the geothermally heated soils of Yellowstone National Park, Dichanthelium lanuginosum requires what mutualism(s) ?

• A) The virus CThTV (Curvularia thermal tolerance virus) must be present in the soil, allowing the fungus Curvularia protuberata to live in the soil. Dichanthelium requires this fungus to live in the thermally heated soil.
• B) The virus CThTV must be present in the soil, which allows Dicanthelium to live in thermally heated soil. Once established, Dicanthelium needs Curvularia to fix nitrogen for growth.
• C) The fungus Curvularia must be present in the soil in order for it to inoculate Dicanthelium with CThTV.
• D) CThTV must be present in the soil for both Dicanthelium and Curvularia protuberata to live; Curvularia provides nitrogen for Dicanthelium.

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Definitions:

Suppresses

The act of consciously or unconsciously holding back, restraining, or reducing a response, emotion, or biological process.

Short-term Results

Immediate or near-immediate outcomes or effects following an action or event, typically observable within a short time frame.

Negative Reinforcement

A type of conditioning where an unfavorable outcome or event is removed after a behavior, increasing the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future.

Punishment

A technique used in behavior modification that involves presenting an undesirable consequence or removing a desirable stimulus following unwanted behavior.