Changes in the Environment Can Alter the Dynamics of Natural

question 18

Multiple Choice

Changes in the environment can alter the dynamics of natural selection in predator-prey relationships. As the planet continues to warm, climate change will have a significant effect on many of these relationships. In the case of the snowshoe hare, loss of winter snow cover could make the species more vulnerable to its predator, the lynx. The fur of snowshoe hares turns white in the winter months, providing camouflage in the snow. Which prediction would best fit a hypothesis of continued antagonistic coevolution between these two species in a year-round, snow-free environment?

• A) Snowshoe hares will rapidly go extinct due to the lack of camouflage. This will result in a decline in the lynx population until they shift to a new primary prey.
• B) If the allele for year-round brown fur exists within the snowshoe hare populations, those individuals will be more likely to survive and reproduce, as they are more likely to remain undetected. Lynx who are better at detecting brown snowshoe hares in a snow-free environment will be more likely to survive and reproduce, increasing the frequency of that genotype within the population.
• C) Although lynx populations may initially increase due to easier prey, they will then decline with the loss of their primary prey. Lynx populations will be greatly reduced, while snowshoe hare populations are likely to go extinct.
• D) Because neither species is well adapted to a warmer climate, they are both likely to be greatly reduced and may go extinct.

Analyze how monopolists maximize profits by setting output levels where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.

Recognize the absence of a traditional supply curve for monopolists due to their market power.

Compare and contrast the economic outcomes of perfect competition and monopoly markets, particularly in terms of pricing and efficiency.

Identify the conditions under which a monopoly might incur losses and the implications for market exit decisions.

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Definitions:

Motor Pathways

Nervous system pathways that convey impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands, resulting in movement or action.

Efferent

Conducting away from a CNS structure.

Afferent

Conducting toward a central nervous system (CNS) structure.

Muscle Spasticity

A condition characterized by an abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness, which can interfere with movement, speech, or cause discomfort and pain.