The Model Below Predicts That the Begging Level of Full

question 11

Multiple Choice

The model below predicts that the begging level of full (satiated) offspring (F) should essentially be zero, whereas hungry (H) and starving (S) offspring show intermediate and high levels of begging, respectively. Under what circumstances would we expect full (satiated) offspring to start begging?

• A) when the fitness costs of begging are higher than the benefits
• B) when the fitness costs of begging are lower than the benefits
• C) only when the fitness costs of begging increase in a nonlinear fashion with begging intensity
• D) Under no circumstances would this occur; the full (
• F) individuals are by definition at begging intensity zero.

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Definitions:

Indirectly

In a manner that is not directly caused by or not directly causing something, often involving one or more intermediate steps or agents.

Mental Age

A measure of an individual's cognitive ability compared to the average cognitive ability of individuals in a specific age group.

IQ

An abbreviation for Intelligence Quotient, a measure of a person’s cognitive abilities in relation to their age group.

Chronological Age

The amount of time that has passed since a person's birth, typically measured in years.