Which of the Following Is NOT an Accurate Interpretation of Paul

question 47

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an accurate interpretation of Paul Sherman's work on alarm calls in Belding's ground squirrels, as shown in the figure?

• A) Adult females emit calls more often than expected by chance; although they comprise 30% of the population, they are responsible for 65% of the alarm calls.
• B) Adult males emit calls less often than expected by chance; although they comprise 20% of the population, they are responsible for only 2% of alarm calls.
• C) Juveniles are responsible for more alarm calls than are adults.
• D) Females are responsible for more alarm calls than are males.

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Definitions:

Expected Value

The long-run average or mean value of random variables, weighted by their probabilities, representing the expected outcome of a random event.

Linear Relationship

A direct proportionality between two variables in which the change in one variable is directly proportional to the change in another, represented graphically as a straight line.

Relationship

A connection, association, or interaction between two or more variables, where changes in one variable affect the other(s).

Independent Variables

Refers to the inputs or predictors in a statistical model that are manipulated or selected by the researcher to determine their effect on the dependent variable.