The Results of Tibbetts and Izzo's 2010 Experiment on Facial

question 32

Multiple Choice

The results of Tibbetts and Izzo's 2010 experiment on facial patterns and the fighting behavior of paper wasps are shown below. Why did Tibbetts and Izzo manipulate the wasps' aggressiveness, in addition to facial pattern?

• A) to test whether hormones could artificially alter the fighting qualities of wasps
• B) to test whether alteration of facial patterns strengthens the fighting ability of wasps
• C) to test whether the alteration of facial patterns would result in increased aggression
• D) to test whether the facial pattern is a conventional signal that is kept honest by continuous testing from conspecifics

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Definitions:

Efficient Output

The level of production where a firm or economy can produce the maximum amount of goods and services with the least amount of inputs.

Perfect Competition

A market structure characterized by a large number of buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, and free entry and exit, leading to price determination by supply and demand.

Wheat-Growing

The agricultural practice of cultivating wheat, a staple grain used worldwide for food.

Marginal Revenue

The increase in revenue that results from the sale of one additional unit of a product.