In Which of the Following Scenarios Would Reciprocal Altruism Be

question 18

Multiple Choice

In which of the following scenarios would reciprocal altruism be LEAST likely to evolve?

• A) in long-lived, intelligent species that live in small groups with high mutual dependence
• B) when there are repeated interactions with the same individuals within a group
• C) when opportunities for altruism and reciprocation are rare
• D) when failure to reciprocate is punished

---

Definitions:

Heterotrophs

Organisms that cannot produce their own food and rely on consuming other organisms for energy and nutrients.

Organ System

An organized group of tissues and organs that work together to perform a specialized set of functions (e.g., the digestive system or circulatory system).

Mobile

Capable of moving or being moved freely or easily.

Freshwater

Water that contains minimal amounts of dissolved salts, found in rivers, lakes, and streams, supporting a diverse range of plants and animals.