Alison Boyer (2008) Analyzed Data on the Extinction of Native

question 40

Multiple Choice

Alison Boyer (2008) analyzed data on the extinction of native birds in the Hawaiian Islands, particularly looking at extinctions resulting from two waves of human colonization. How did the patterns of extinction differ? A


B


C


D

• A) The first wave of human colonization resulted in the extinction of large, flightless ground-nesting birds as a result of introduced predators, while the second wave resulted in the extinction of birds that fed on insects and nectar due to destruction of lowland forests.
• B) The first wave of human colonization resulted in the extinction of birds that fed on insects and nectar due to destruction of lowland forests, while the second wave resulted in the extinction of large, flightless ground-nesting birds as a result of introduced predators.
• C) In both waves of colonization, habitat destruction was responsible for the extinction of native Hawaiian birds, with large, flightless birds going extinct in the first wave and birds that eat insects and nectar going extinct after the second wave.
• D) The first wave of human colonization resulted in the extinction of large, flightless ground-nesting birds as a result of hunting, while the second wave resulted in the extinction of birds that fed on insects and nectar due to destruction of lowland forests and introduced predators.

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Definitions:

Conditioned Stimulus

A stimulus which initially doesn't elicit a response but, when associated with an unconditioned stimulus, later results in a conditioned response.

Stimulus Generalization

The process in which a response to a specific stimulus becomes associated with other stimuli that are similar, leading to the same response.

Conditioned Stimulus

A stimulus that initially has no effect but becomes able to provoke a specific response through association with an unconditioned stimulus.

Extinction

In psychology, the process through which a conditioned response decreases or disappears as a consequence of repeated exposure to the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus.