By Transferring Neural Crest Cells from a Duck to a Quail

question 40

Multiple Choice

By transferring neural crest cells from a duck to a quail and vice versa, Richard Schneider and Jill Helms (2003) demonstrated that

• A) neural crest cells influence the development of beaks.
• B) beaks influence fitness traits.
• C) homeobox genes are conserved across species.
• D) gene duplication causes a difference in beak shape.

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Definitions:

Inferential Statistics

Statistical procedures used to test hypotheses and draw conclusions from data collected during research studies.

Degrees of Freedom

The number of independent values in a statistical calculation that can vary without violating the given constraints.

Significance Level

A threshold used in statistical hypothesis testing to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis, typically denoted as alpha (α).

Group Bonuses

Financial incentives awarded to a team or group of employees for achieving specific performance targets or completing a project successfully.